A Review of Literature on Analysis of Jig Grinding Process

Vol. 6  Issue 3
Year:2016
Issue:May-Jul
Title:A Review of Literature on Analysis of Jig Grinding Process
Author Name:Sudheesh P. K. and Govindan P.
Synopsis:
Jig grinding is a process practically used by tool and die makers in the creation of jigs or mating holes and pegs on dies. The abrasives normally used in jig grinding are divided into Natural Abrasives and Artificial Abrasives. Artificial Abrasives are preferred in manufacturing of grinding wheels in jig grinding, because of their uniformity and purity. In this paper, a brief review of the analysis of jig grinding process considering various research trends is presented. The areas highlighted are: optimization, selection of abrasives, selection of processing conditions and practical considerations. The optimization of parameters in jig grinding process is important to maximize productivity and to improve quality. The abrasives of hard jig grinding wheels get blunt quickly so these are recommended to grind the workpiece of low hardness and soft grinding wheels are recommended for hard material workpieces. The jig grinding is also classified into rough grinding and precision grinding, based on the processing conditions. The jig grinding process is also adapted for a variety of practical applications and different materials.

Biodiesel Development Analysis and Performance of Diesel Engine-Diesel Fuel Blends with Soybean and Jatropha Oils

Vol. 6  Issue 3
Year:2016
Issue:May-Jul
Title:Biodiesel Development Analysis and Performance of Diesel Engine-Diesel Fuel Blends with Soybean and Jatropha Oils
Author Name:Reena Kumari and Dheerandra Singh
Synopsis:
This exploratory study portrays the impact of expansion of Biodiesel in little amounts on the execution and outflow attributes of a diesel motor. A diesel motor is a pressure ignition sort IC motor, which utilizes the warmth of packed air to start ignition to smolder the fuel. The ignition in diesel motor is heterogeneous in nature. Diesel motors for the most part have high thermal proficiency, however, more outflow than other SI motors. In this way, the primary concern is to lessen the toxicity from the fumes. Significant poisons in fumes of diesel motor are residue, HC, NOx, CO and SOx. Because of the heterogeneous way of ignition, the ash arrangement is huge in a diesel motor contrast with SI motor. Accordingly, the point of this work is to concentrate on the Biodiesel as a fuel added substance to the diesel and its impact on execution and outflow characteristics. The investigation of diesel motor has been finished by utilizing the mixes of biodiesel with diesel fuel at the rate of 5%, 10%, and 15% . It is found that (10%SB+15%JB+75%D ) biodiesel with diesel is suitable to use as a substitute fuel at the diesel motor as its fuel utilization rate, Brake Specific Fuel Consumption and Brake Thermal Efficiency is near to that of traditional diesel fuel.

A Statistical GA Based Demand Forecasting Model for Automotive Batteries Manufacturing Company

Vol. 6  Issue 3
Year:2016
Issue:May-Jul
Title:A Statistical GA Based Demand Forecasting Model for Automotive Batteries Manufacturing Company
Author Name:P. Bhanu Prakash, V. Ramya and M. Yugandhar
Synopsis:
Demand planning is an integral part of any planning process. Accurate forecasts help firms effectively plan the production process so that inventory levels in the supply chain can be optimized and supply can be matched closely with demand. Demand planning can also help the marketing department of a firm to decide upon the kind of promotional exercises required for a particular product. Planning accurately leads to better distribution planning as well. Since firms can determine the exact levels of inventory to be held at each distribution center. In this paper, an attempt was made to forecast the demand of Automotive Batteries. Three different methods of forecast have been used. After applying those methods, finally the mean square error was minimized and the optimum weights to the forecasts was assigned by the different methods and the resultant forecast combining all the forecasts was found out. A suitable tool for the optimization was chosen. Here, Genetic Algorithms have been chosen for obtaining optimal weights that are assigned to forecast methods to generate a model of the forecast with minimum mean square error. An extensive computational experience has been reported. The proposed methodology has been put into use in the firm for better forecast of the demand.

Design of Steering System for an Electric All-Terrain Vehicle

Vol. 6  Issue 3
Year:2016
Issue:May-Jul
Title:Design of Steering System for an Electric All-Terrain Vehicle
Author Name:Mubina Shekh, Shivam Jaiswal, Himanshu Pachauri and Harsha Ravi Raj
Synopsis:
This paper reports on the feasibility of steering system by using, rack and pinion mechanism. In the present era, handling features of an All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) has become a major aspect. The authors intention is to provide comfort to the driver by reducing steering effort and improve the steerability and handling characteristics of the vehicle. This steering system converts the rotational motion of the ATV into the linear motion to turn the wheels. The steering system design influences the directional response behavior of a vehicle. The steering system plays a vital role in maneuvering the vehicles and they also provide good ergonomics to the driver. Since the steering system is directly controlled by the driver, it is essential to take human comfort into consideration while designing the steering. The vehicle must be able to withstand the rough environment of the off-roads and recreational driving, so it may sustain the traverse over large rocks, downed logs, jumps, mud holes, steep inclines and sharp turns.

Performance of a Rotor on Short Spiral Journal Bearing Considering Amplitude, Velocity and Acceleration as Response Parameters Using Experimental and Neural Network Analysis

Vol. 6  Issue 3
Year:2016
Issue:May-Jul
Title:Performance of a Rotor on Short Spiral Journal Bearing Considering Amplitude, Velocity and Acceleration as Response Parameters Using Experimental and Neural Network Analysis
Author Name:G. Dileep Kumar, P.C. Krishnamachary and P. Thejasree
Synopsis:
Over the last few years, the ability of a conventional bearing has gradually declined to survive in the era of modern advanced engines, as they are not able to cope-up with high speed requirements, high operating temperature range, etc. In some turbine engines, bearing temperatures are expected to exceed the capabilities of conventional liquid lubricant completely. This has lead to the development of new concepts in bearing technology, resulting in developmental efforts related to other bearings like Spiral Journal Bearings. This paper portrays the determination of amplitude, velocity and acceleration as the response parameters for vibration analysis of a rotating rotor-bearing assembly. The successive points in a long time history of the rotor-bearing motion during a transient vibration period have been identified. The calculation of the vibrations and the forces acting is not straightforward because these equations of motion of the system contain non-linear terms. Initially, the most influential parameters are identified. A supervised multilayer neural network model is then trained and tested with the input and output data using the back-propagation algorithm. The response characteristics are derived as the outputs of the Neural Network for different conditions of bearing parameters. The experimental and the simulated results are then compared.

Fabrication of Peristaltic Pump Rollers and Testing Their Mechanical Properties

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Fabrication of Peristaltic Pump Rollers and Testing Their Mechanical Properties
Author Name:P. Srinivasa Rao and G. Bhanodaya Reddy 
Synopsis:
The squeezing and releasing mechanism is used to transport the fluid from lower to higher pressure in peristaltic pump tube with rollers, which causes contraction & expansion along the flexible tube. So the significant influenced parameter on peristaltic pump is the roller diameter and roller material which improves the life of the tube. Hence, the present research is focused on the fabrication of rollers using the polymer matrix composites in injection moulding process by varying the percentage of reinforcement materials i.e. ceramics particles such as, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% of silicon carbide and fly ash. These composites are tested for strength and hardness using Charpy Impact and Rockwell Hardness testing machines. Finally, the combination with which the material is having superior mechanical properties is chosen from the experimental data. The new PMC roller fabricated with this combination is used in peristaltic pump for squeezing and releasing Mechanism.

Optimization of Die Design Parameters in Blanking Operation Using Genetic Algorithm

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Optimization of Die Design Parameters in Blanking Operation Using Genetic Algorithm
Author Name:R.S. Mohan Kumar, C. Velmurugan and C. Sangeevi 
Synopsis:
In the blanking operation, the quality of the product and the tool life mainly depends upon the punch and die clearance. The main objective of the study is to improve the quality of the product and also the tool life by optimizing the punch and die clearance and sheet thickness. The quality of the product and tool life mainly depends upon the punch and dies clearance. If the punch and die clearance is too large, it leads to large burrs and poor quality, otherwise if the clearance is too small, it results in part with poor edge quality, reducing the tool life and leading to more frequent tool component replacement. By using optimal amount of die clearance, the shear cracks join; this balances the punching force and optimizes part quality and tool life. By getting the optimal amount, the optimization is used; in that genetic algorithm is a simple but powerful tool to get the optimal clearance value. This experimentation is carried out with the help of regression equation and genetic algorithm to optimize the punch and die clearance.

Optimization of parameters influencing weld deposit area in Gas metal arc welding process

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Optimization of parameters influencing weld deposit area in Gas metal arc welding process
Author Name:K. Prakash Babu, M. Bala Chennaiah and N. Krishna Mohan
Synopsis:
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) has got many wide applications in today's industry. Selection of input welding parameters in this process plays a very major role depending on which the quality of weld and subsequently the productivity depends. Controlling of the input parameters is very much essential to obtain a good quality weld. In the present work some of the parameters such as, welding voltage, welding current, welding speed, Nozzle to Plate Distance (NPD) and Gas Density (G) influencing weld deposit area in Gas Metal Arc welding process are studied by carrying out experimentations and also a mathematical model has been developed for achieving better weld deposit area in a mild steel specimen. Factorial design approach is applied for finding the relationship between the various process parameters and weld deposit area. The study discovered that, the welding voltage and Nozzle to Plate Distance is varying directly with weld deposit area and a direct relationship existing between the welding current and speed with weld deposit area is observed.

Structural Dynamic Modification of a Cantilever Beam using Model Updating Method

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Structural Dynamic Modification of a Cantilever Beam using Model Updating Method
Author Name:R.J.V. Anil Kumar, Y. Venkata Mohana Reddy and K. Prahlada Rao
Synopsis:

This paper deals with evaluation of the natural frequencies of a cantilever beam with fixed dimensions and material. The necessary boundary conditions are applied and the natural frequencies are evaluated by 3 methods viz a) analytically, by using relevant formulae, b) by using the concepts of FEM and MATLAB software, and c) by experimental analysis.

There will be a discrepancy in the above values of the natural frequencies. The experimental value is taken as a benchmark and the deviation of the value by analytical and FEM methods are minimized or the dynamic characteristics of the beam structure are improved by employing the principles of Structural Dynamic Modification (SDM). Model updating is one of the techniques of SDM used to converge the values of the natural frequencies closer to the experimental value.

Fluid Flow Analysis of (CI) Muffler's Geometry and Improvements in Performance using FEA

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Fluid Flow Analysis of (CI) Muffler's Geometry and Improvements in Performance using FEA
Author Name:Puran Singh, Debashis Pramanik and Ran Vijay Singh
Synopsis:
The exhaust pollution from the vehicle has become one of the important reasons for environment pollution. With the advancement in automobile industry, the exhaust muffler has been paid attention to improve the performance of engines. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method is used to analyze the aerodynamic performance and effect which the internal flow field has on the performance of the muffler. With this method, the pressure distribution in the muffler is simulated and the pressure loss was predicted. Resistance muffler research relates with the fields of acoustics, fluid dynamics, heat transfer and mechanical design. The experiment results verify that, the assembly performance of the muffler is better.

Applying Risk Based Maintenance for Coal Pulverizing Mill

Vol. 6  Issue 2
Year: 2016
Issue:Feb-Apr
Title:Applying Risk Based Maintenance for Coal Pulverizing Mill
Author Name:Sivakumar C. and Bhaskar S.
Synopsis:
Pulverizing mills are used to grind raw coal into fine lignite particles, for the preparation of primary fuel to feed the boiler. Hence, it is an important equipment in the Thermal power plants for power production. While in operation, the mills are subjected to unexpected failures, which results in reduced power generation and in turn the productivity. Failure of such critical equipment is a great threat for power production. To overcome this issue, Risk Based Maintenance (RBM) approach is carried out. The Risk Based Maintenance helps in reducing the machinery failure rate resulting from breakdown and managing action priorities. This approach mainly deals with estimating the risk caused by unexpected failures of the components of mill as a function of the probability and the consequence of failure. Maintenance activity for various components of pulverizing mill is prioritized based on the risk level that helps in reducing the overall risk of the equipment. A thermal power station has been selected for performing the maintenance task in pulverizing mill.

Parameters Affecting Surface Roughness of Fused Deposition Modeling

Vol. 6  Issue 1
Year: 2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Parameters Affecting Surface Roughness of Fused Deposition Modeling
Author Name:Mayank Badola and R.O. Vaishya
Synopsis:
Fuse Deposition Modeling (FDM) is one of the most widely used Rapid Prototyping (RP) technology in market which uses additive manufacturing technic. FDM is not only known for the good mechanical property of its build model but a defame for producing poor surface quality parts compared to other available technologies. The need to ensure that the build part has a good surface quality thus exists. In this paper, the authors concluded the different process parameters and their effects on surface roughness from past studies. Most common parameters used to optimize the surface quality are layer thickness, raster width, air gap, raster angle and orientation. But there are few more parameters which they can use to control the quality of surface. Some of them are humidity, build envelope's temperature and multi-contouring and build style. So, a few pilot experiments were conducted for checking the feasibility of some rarely used process parameters, which are build style and multi-contouring, as optimization parameters for surface roughness. Their results of these experiments show that for the future experiment, they can consider as one of the parameter for building part with a good surface quality. Based on this study, they can use different approaches to achieve their motive to improve quality of build part in FDM machine with a good surface quality.

Prediction of Cutting Forces in Turning of AISI-4140 Steel Using FEA and Experimental Validation

Vol. 6  Issue 1
Year: 2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Prediction of Cutting Forces in Turning of AISI-4140 Steel Using FEA and Experimental Validation
Author Name:M. Sivaramakrishnaiah, P. Nanda Kumar and G. Ranga Janardhana
Synopsis:
Turning is one of the most widely used machining techniques. Predictions of important process variables of turning such as, cutting forces and stress distributions play significant role in designing turning process parameter and optimizing cutting conditions. The present work is focused on investigating the effect of process parameters on feed, cutting, thrust forces and prediction of forces in turning of AISI 4140 steel based on FEA method. Analysis of 3D unsteady state forces in a metal cutting process is carried out by using a Deform 3D FEA code. The cutting speed, feed and depth of cut were used as the process parameters and the cutting forces are measured and predicted. This project covers a study on modeling and simulation of cutting forces in turning of AISI 4140 steel using coated and uncoated tungsten carbide cutting tool by finite element technique and finally with experimental results. The FEA is used to analyze cutting forces, stress and strain in turning. The simulation results are compared with those of the experimental results and found that both results are in close agreement with each other

Experimental Study on Hydrogen Enriched Diesel Engine with Varied Piston Bowl Geometry for Emission Reduction

Vol. 6  Issue 1
Year: 2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:Experimental Study on Hydrogen Enriched Diesel Engine with Varied Piston Bowl Geometry for Emission Reduction
Author Name:U. S. Jyothi and K. Vijaya Kumar Reddy
Synopsis:
The fossil fuel reserves are decreasing due to increase in consumption of diesel, hence there is a need to develop alternative fuel. Hydrogen is considered as one of the best alternative fuels for internal combustion engines because of unique combustion properties. For Compression Ignition (CI) engines, it is impossible to get hydrogen to its auto-ignition temperature by compression alone. Hence, an attempt is made using hydrogen as an air enriched medium with diesel as main fuel. Experiments are conducted to study the effect of piston geometry on the emission characteristics of diesel engine enriched with hydrogen at different flow rates such as 2 litres per minute ( lpm), 4 lpm and 6 lpm on four stroke single cylinder diesel engine at constant speed of 1500 rpm for different loads. Knocking tendency is observed for flow rates above 6 lpm at all loads due to raise in temperature and peak pressures with addition of hydrogen. The emissions for diesel engine enriched with hydrogen are reduced to 27.1%, 37.5% and 18.8% of Unburnt Hydro Carbons (UHC), Carbon Monoxide (CO) and smoke density respectively. However, there is 14.9% increase in Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) emission due to high combustion temperatures by hydrogen induction. Further, the experiments are conducted with toroidal piston bowl geometry for different flow rates of hydrogen without change in compression ratio. The effect of this change on emission parameters is further reduced to 6.9%, 13.6%, 11.6% and 3% in UHC, CO, smoke density and NOx respectively.

A Study on Fatigue Fracture Failure of UAV Landing Gear

Vol. 6  Issue 1
Year: 2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:A Study on Fatigue Fracture Failure of UAV Landing Gear
Author Name:Vignesh A.S. and Vivek A.
Synopsis:
With an increase in demand for high performance UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) for various demanding applications such as defense, search and rescue and weather monitoring, the design and production of the UAVs is of prime importance and with the UAVs comprising of many complex systems, the reliability of each system decides the reliability of the overall aircraft. One of the UAV’s critical components is its landing gear. High stiffness and lightweight are the main design criteria for the landing gear. Apart from the fatigue cycles, the propagation of crack in the landing gear structure due to the fatigue loading is also another important criterion for the design of the landing gear structure. This study is conducted using the Structural analysis available in ANSYS R15.0 using Mechanical APDL solver. In this paper, the authors have studied the effect of contours and crack length on variation of stress intensity factor for different modes and fatigue crack propagation rate. Static analysis is performed to locate the position of critical region. The variation of J Integral is studied for different contours along the crack front. The crack propagation rate was found to increase with the increase in crack length. The critical stress intensity factor is evaluated using modified Paris Law referred to as Forman Law.

SCM Complexities and its associated Challenges in the Indian Automotive Industry

Vol. 6  Issue 1
Year: 2016
Issue:Nov-Jan
Title:SCM Complexities and its associated Challenges in the Indian Automotive Industry
Author Name:Davinder Saini and C. S. Jawalkar 
Synopsis:
The Indian vehicle manufacturing industry along with child part and raw material industries are basking a healthy and increasing growth, in the last two decades. This shoot up has been noticed since the economic liberalization happened in early 1990's. Indian automotive market has grown from 5 million vehicles (2002) to 23.4 million vehicles (FY 2014-2015). nd th India is already on the 2 place in two-wheeler (2W) segment and on 4 place in Commercial Vehicles (CV). India is now poised to rank amongst the top three global automotive markets in all vehicles, by the year 2020. Observing such volatility in the present and future of the Indian auto market, it calls for an analysis of challenges and complexities of Supply Chain Management (SCM) practices that are catering to the industry, so that the trends will shape the futuristic supply chain management practices which can be given a try to predict and understand. This paper seeks to analyse the Indian auto market future trends and presents the status as well as futuristic view of complexities and challenges that affects the SCM practices. It is the best hope that this study will provide an understanding which will help in adopting good SCM practices in auto industry and lead to various competitive advantages.

A Comprehensive Review of Biodiesel Application in IDI Engines with Property Improving Additives

Vol. 5  Issue 4
Year: 2015
Issue:Aug-Oct 
Title:A Comprehensive Review of Biodiesel Application in IDI Engines with Property Improving Additives
Author Name:Aditya Kolakoti and B. V. A. Rao 
Synopsis:
Rapidly increasing consumption of fossil fuel and petroleum products has been a matter of concern for the many countries which import crude oil. This is at the expense of huge foreign exchange on one hand and increasing tailpipe emissions on the other hand. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate about renewable energy sources. Among the biomass resources, biodiesel offers a very promising alternative to diesel oil. It is renewable, and has similar or better properties. Biodiesel commands crucial advantages such as technical feasibility of blending in any ratio with petroleum diesel fuels. Extensive research and demonstration projects have shown that, it can be used pure or in blends with conventional diesel fuel in unmodified diesel engines. This paper presents the results of wider experimental campaign carried out on IDI engine by various authors and aimed at evaluating the overall performance, emissions and the combustion trends. Experimental results with different fuels like neat biodiesel, blends of biodiesel –diesel & biodiesel - additive combinations have been discussed in detail.

Optimization of Coating Parameters of Flame Spraying using Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis

Vol. 5  Issue 4
Year: 2015
Issue:Aug-Oct 
Title:Optimization of Coating Parameters of Flame Spraying using Taguchi based Grey Relational Analysis
Author Name:Ajay Malik, Hari Singh and Satya Prakash
Synopsis:
Flame spraying has emerged as the most promising technique among all thermal spraying techniques for depositing a higher quality abradable coating. The present work deals with a statistical design of experimental study of flame spraying Metco 301NS powder. The choice of the optimum coating parameters plays an important role in the quality of the coating, the coating cost and increasing the lifetime of the coated parts. Coating experiments were performed with a Taguchi (L8) design to optimize the flame spray process parameters. In this study, the influence of the different coating variables like oxygen, acetylene, rpm, coating angle and spray distance on various performance features such as hardness, roughness, porosity and thickness were evaluated. The attributes of the coating were correlated with the change in the parameters and their relative importance, contribution ratios and total variance were calculated using the Taguchi method. Since the thermal spray coating is a multiple feature technique, a multi objective optimization technique, Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), was used to optimize the process parameters. The investigation revealed the optimal combination of process parameters for oxygen (40 L/min), dissolved acetylene (50 L/min), rpm (4), spray angle (60 degree) and spray distance (7 inch). The results were verified through confirmation tests.

Efficiency Improvement Opportunities of Unorganized Manufacturing Sector Using 5S Methodology

Vol. 5  Issue 4
Year: 2015
Issue:Aug-Oct 
Title:Efficiency Improvement Opportunities of Unorganized Manufacturing Sector Using 5S Methodology
Author Name:Rohit K. Kandpal
Synopsis:
In this research work, a literature review was conducted by scanning the literature review of last 10 years. The literature review indicates that, the size of the unorganized manufacturing sector is very large with reference to its contribution in Indian economy and generated employment in the country. At the same time this sector is identified as a significant source of different types of wastes due to its ill articulated working. This research work is being taken up to identify the opportunities of efficiency improvement of India's unorganized manufacturing sector by the application of 5S methodology. As a result of comparison of organized and unorganized manufacturing sector, some facts were identified; in which unorganized manufacturing sector needs a considerable improvement as compared to the organized manufacturing sector. On the basis of this research work, it can be concluded that the size of the unorganized manufacturing sector is very huge from the point of view of turnover and its contribution to the Indian economy and manpower employed by the sector. It is necessary to understand, if the authors improve the energy efficiency by the infinitesimal amount of unorganized sector that may contribute equivalent to installation of mega power plant in the country. There is a scope of doing, a multiple of such infinitesimal improvements in energy efficiency and transportation system in the Indian unorganized manufacturing sector.

Evaluation of Geometrical Behavior of Laminated Graphite/Epoxy Composite using FEM

Vol. 5  Issue 4
Year: 2015
Issue:Aug-Oct 
Title:Evaluation of Geometrical Behavior of Laminated Graphite/Epoxy Composite using FEM
Author Name:Yenda Kesava Rao, Siva Ramakrishna and Saineelkamal Arji 
Synopsis:
Laminated composite plate structures finds numerous applications in aerospace, military and automotive industries. The role of transverse shear is very important in composites, as the material is weak in shear due to its low shear modulus compared to extensional rigidity. Hence, an accurate understanding of their structural behaviour is required, such as deflections and stresses. In this paper, a number of Finite Element Analysis (FEA) have been carried out for various side-tothickness ratios and modulus ratios to study the effect of transverse shear deformation on deflection and stresses of laminated composite plates subjected to tensile load. The FEM results showed on the deflections and stresses, that the effect of coupling is to decrease the deflections with the increase in the modulus ratio and change in the stresses with the increase in the side-to-thickness ratio.

Development of Solar Powered Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System

Vol. 5  Issue 4
Year: 2015
Issue:Aug-Oct 
Title:Development of Solar Powered Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System
Author Name:G. Prasanthi and J. Chandrakala  
Synopsis:
The continuous increase in the cost and demand for energy has led to more research and development to utilize available energy resources efficiently by minimizing waste energy. Absorption refrigeration systems increasingly attract research interests [15]. Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System (VARS) offers the possibility of using heat to provide cooling. The Vapour absorption refrigeration system utilizing solar energy would generally be more efficient. For this purpose, heat from conventional boiler can be used or waste heat and solar energy. Absorption system falls into two categories depending upon the working fluid. These are the LiBr-H2O and NH3-H2O Absorption Refrigeration system. In LiBr-H2O system, water is used as a refrigerant and Li-Br is used as an absorbent, while in NH3-H2O system ammonia is used as an refrigerant and water is used as an absorbent, which served as standard for comparison in studying and developing new cycles and new absorbent/refrigerant pairs. Many researchers have studied the solar absorption refrigeration system in order to make it economically and technically available. But still, much more research in this area is needed. This paper will help many researchers working in this area and provide them with fundamental knowledge on absorption systems, and a detailed review on the past efforts in the field of solar absorption refrigeration systems with the absorption pair of ammonia and water. This knowledge will help them to start the parametric study in order to develop new refrigeration systems with the help of solar energy.

Enhancement of Thermal Energy Storage System Using Sensible Heat and Latent Heat Storage Materials

Vol. 5  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul
Title:Enhancement of Thermal Energy Storage System Using Sensible Heat and Latent Heat Storage Materials
Author Name:M. Chandra Sekhara Reddy, T Reddy Lokesh, K. Dharama Reddy and P. Venkataramaih 
Synopsis:
Thermal energy storage plays a key role in the application of renewable energy sources and it contributes to the reduction of global CO2 emissions. Thermal energy storage is commonly based on the sensible or latent-heat-storage  techniques. Latent-heat thermal storage is based on the absorption or release of heat when a storage material is changing its phase. The thermal storage materials suitable for latent-heat storage are called Phase-Change Materials (PCMs). PCMs have considerably higher thermal-energy-storage densities than the sensible-heat-storage materials and they are able to absorb large quantities of energy in a small range of temperatures during the phase change. The present work investigates, experimentally, the thermal performance of Sensible heat storage materials (Gravel and Granite) and phase change materials (Paraffin wax and MnCl2 .4H2O). Water is the Heat Transfer Fluid (HTF) used for 2 2 transferring heat from the constant power source (An immersion water heater). A Series of charging (Storing heat) and Discharging (Process of heat loss) processes are conducted to examine the thermal energy storage capacity of each material used. The significance of time-wise variation of Sensible Heat Storage Materials (SHS) and Phase Change Materials (PCM) temperatures during the discharging process was studied and analyzed.

Experimental Investigation Using Split Injection

Vol. 5  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul
Title:Experimental Investigation Using Split Injection
Author Name:K. Bala Showry, A.V. Sita Rama Raju and P. Ravinder Reddy
Synopsis:

The main aim of this paper is to improve the performance and to reduce the emissions of CI engine combustion. Experiments have been conducted on a single cylinder CI engine with normal injection and two pulse injection (split injection). From the simulated results and also existing experimental results it was observed that 10° dwell for double injection gives better results. In the present work, for split injection, existing cam shaft has been replaced with a modified cam shaft with a dwell angle of 10°, and experiments have been carried out with normal camshaft for single injection and with modified cam shaft for double injection. In double injection 50% of the total mass of the fuel was injected in the first pulse and the remaining 50% was injected after a dwell of 10°.

Experiments have been carried out for Single Cylinder Diesel Engine with the normal cam shaft which was existing in the engine for different loads (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%). The modified camshaft with double injection was tested with a dwell of 10°. In the first injection 50% of the fuel was injected and remaining fuel was injected after a dwell of 10°. The cycle peak pressure in double injection has been increased by 8% for full load, NOX emission has been reduced by 8.67%, and CO levels were reduced by nearly 30%.

Preliminary Investigation on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Biocomposite Materials

Vol. 5  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul
Title: Preliminary Investigation on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Biocomposite Materials
Author Name:Ch. Umesh Chandra and N. V. Ramesh Maganti 
Synopsis:
Composite materials are those containing combination of different materials to cater to the requirement of properties that are not possible from a single material. They could be Natural or Engineered materials. Such materials often result in lightweight structures having high stiffness and tailored properties for specific applications, thereby saving weight and reducing energy needs. Biocomposites are composite materials made from Natural Fibers. This paper deals with preliminary experimental investigation on Mechanical and Thermal properties of Natural Fiber reinforced composites made from banana, hemp and wood fibers as reinforcements and high density polyethylene as a resin. It is observed that the biocomposite with hemp fiber exhibited better strength and thermal stability in comparison with other composites.

Analysis of Residual Stresses on Tubular Welded Joints

Vol. 5  Issue 3
Year:2015
Issue:May-Jul
Title: Analysis of Residual Stresses on Tubular Welded Joints
Author Name:Ch. Siva Ramakrishna, K.S.Raghuram and R. Arvind Kumar
Synopsis:

Welding is used in fabrication as a permanent fastening method. Globally, welding technology has so many applications. This paper presents the residual stress distribution in angular joints of different included angles (45o, 60o, 75o  and 90o ). The Steel structures like off-shore structures, buried pipelines and steel trusses consist of a large number of tubular members joined by the welding process. Tubular members are joined in a variety of geometrical forms such as the angular joint, by welding. Tubular joints are structural discontinuities that can be easily involved with stress concentrations. However, the complicated residual stresses are unavoidably produced adjacent to the joints by welding. In this paper the residual stress distributions in welded tubular joints are analyzed by using a Steady-state Thermal Analysis. Characteristics of the residual stress distribution in welded tubular angle joints are investigated by the analysis of the result.

The stresses and deformations are developed using ANSYS Workbench software. The theoretical inputs of heat flow and temperature are given to the analysis software ANSYS Workbench. The resultant stresses and total deformation are generated from analysis software. The obtained stresses for different included angles (45o, 60o,  75o and 90o ) from the ANSYS Work Bench at same condition are compared with each other and best tubular joint is selected.